Long-term trend analysis of liver cancer survival rate in Qidong region, Jiangsu Province, 1972-2019 / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To analyze the incidence and survival rate of liver cancer cases in the entire population in the Qidong region from 1972 to 2019, so as to provide a basis for prognosis evaluation, prevention, and treatment. Methods: The observed survival rate (OSR) and relative survival rate (RSR) of 34 805 cases of liver cancer in the entire Qidong region population from 1972 to 2019 were calculated using Hakulinen's method with SURV3.01 software. Hakulinen's likelihood ratio test was used for statistical analysis. Age-standardized relative survival (ARS) was calculated using the International Cancer Survival Standard. The Joinpoint regression analysis was performed with Joinpoint 4.7.0.0 software to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the liver cancer survival rate. Results: 1-ASR increased from 13.80% in 1972-1977 to 50.20% in 2014-2019, while 5-ASR increased from 1.27% in 1972-1977 to 27.64% in 2014-2019. The upward trend of RSR over eight periods was statistically significant (χ (2) = 3045.29, P < 0.001). Among them, male 5-ASR was 0.90%, 1.80%, 2.33%, 4.92%, 5.43%, 7.05%, 10.78%, and 27.78%, and female 5-ASR was 2.33%, 1.51%, 3.35%, 3.92%, 3.84%, 7.18%, 11.45%, and 29.84%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in RSR between males and females (χ (2) = 45.68, P < 0.001). The 5-RSR for each age group of 25-34 years old, 35-44 years old, 45-54 years old, 55-64 years old, 65-74 years old, and 75 years old were 4.92%, 5.29%, 8.17%, 11.70%, 11.63%, and 9.60%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in RSR among different age groups (χ (2) = 501.29, P < 0.001). The AAPC in Qidong region from 1972 to 2019 for 1-ARS, 3-ASR, and 5-ARS were 5.26% (t = 12.35, P < 0.001), 8.10% (t = 15.99, P < 0.001), and 8.96 % (t = 16.06, P < 0.001), respectively. The upward trend was statistically significant in all cases. The AAPC of 5-ARS was 9.82% in males (t = 14.14, P < 0.001), and 8.79% in females (t = 11.48, P < 0.001), and the upward trend was statistically significant in both. The AAPC of 25-34 years old, 35-44 years old, 45-54 years old, 55-64 years old, 65-74 years old, and 75 years old were 5.37% (t = 5.26, P = 0.002), 5.22% (t = 5.66, P = 0.001), 7.20% (t = 6.88, P < 0.001), 10.00% (t = 12.58, P < 0.001), 9.96% (t = 7.34, P < 0.001) and 8.83% (t = 3.51, P = 0.013), and the upward trend was statistically significant. Conclusion: The overall survival rate of registered cases of liver cancer in the Qidong region's entire population has greatly improved, but there is still much room for improvement. Hence, constant attention should be paid to the study on preventing and treating liver cancer.

PPARγ2 functions as a tumor suppressor in a translational mouse model of human prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator that controls energy metabolism and cell fate. PPARγ2, a PPARγ isoform, is highly expressed in the normal prostate but expressed at lower levels in prostate cancer tissues. In the present study, PC3 and LNCaP cells were used to examine the benefits of restoring PPARγ2 activity. PPARγ2 was overexpressed in PC3 and LNCaP cells, and cell proliferation and migration were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect pathological changes. The genes regulated by PPARγ2 overexpression were detected by microarray analysis. The restoration of PPARγ2 in PC3 and LNCaP cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration. PC3-PPARγ2 tissue recombinants showed necrosis in cancerous regions and leukocyte infiltration in the surrounding stroma by H&E staining. We found higher mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) and lower microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) expression in cancer tissues compared to controls by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Microarray analysis showed that PPARγ2 gain of function in PC3 cells resulted in the reprogramming of lipid- and energy metabolism-associated signaling pathways. These data indicate that PPARγ2 exerts a crucial tumor-suppressive effect by triggering necrosis and an inflammatory reaction in human prostate cancer.

Epidemic characteristics of stomach cancer mortality in Qidong during 1972-2016 / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To describe the epidemic characteristics of stomach cancer mortality in Qidong between 1972 and 2016. Methods: The cancer registry data of stomach cancer death and population during 1972-2016 in Qidong was collected. The mortality of crude rate (CR), China age-standardized rate (CASR), world age-standardized rate (WASR), 35-64 years truncated rate, 0-74 years cumulative rate, cumulative risk, percentage change (PC), annual percent change (APC) were calculated. Results: During 1972-2016, a total of 15 863 (male: 10 114, female: 5 749) deaths occurred attributed to stomach cancer, accounting for 16.04% of all cancers, with CR of 31.37/100 000 (CASR: 12.97/100 000, WASR: 21.39/100 000). The truncated rate of 35-64, cumulative rate of 0-74, and cumulative risk were 28.86/100 000, 2.54%, and 2.51%, respectively. For male, the CR, CASR, WASR were 40.53/100 000, 17.98/100 000, 30.13/100 000, respectively, and for female, the CR, CASR, WASR were 22.45/100 000, 8.52/100 000, 13.92/100 000, respectively. Age-specific mortality analysis showed that the mortality of each age group under 25-year-old group was less than 1/100 000. The CR increased with age. The 50-year-old group reached and exceeded the average mortality of the population, and more than 80-year-old group reached the peak of death. During 1972-2016 in Qidong, The PCs in CR, CASR, and WASR of stomach cancer were 55.43%, -52.02%, -43.60%. The APC were 0.54%, -2.30%, -2.08%, respectively. Period mortality analysis showed that except for the 75-year-old group, the mortality of stomach cancer decreased significantly. Conclusions: The crude mortality of stomach cancer increases slightly in Qidong, while the CASR and WASR decrease significantly. However, stomach cancer is still one of the malignant tumors that most affect health and seriously threat lives.

Qiling Tongluo Prescription Improves Renal Injury in Rats with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy by Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qiling Tongluo prescription against idiopathic membranous nephropathy （IMN） in rats based on Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear transcription factor-κB （TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB） signaling pathway. MethodSixty male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， benazepril hydrochloride （10 mg·kg-1） group， and low-，medium-， and high-dose （6.48， 12.95， and 25.9 g·kg-1） Qiling Tongluo prescription groups. The IMN rat model was established by injection of cationized bovine serum albumin （C-BSA） into the tail vein. After the model was successfully prepared， the rats were gavaged with the corresponding drugs， once a day， for four consecutive weeks. After the treatment， the pathological changes in rat kidneys were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Masson staining， and periodic acid-silver metheramine （PASM） staining， followed by the detection of 24 h urinary total protein （24 h UTP）， plasma albumin （ALB）， total serum protein （TP）， serum creatinine （SCr）， urea nitrogen （BUN）， and uric acid （UA） levels. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB in the kidney tissue were assayed by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， immunohistochemistry （IHC）， and Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited elevated 24 h UTP and serum SCr， BUN， UA， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased ALB and TP （P<0.01）， up-regulated TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein expression in kidney tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， obvious inflammation， disordered glomerular structure with enlarged volume， irregularly thickened basement membrane， inflammatory cell infiltration in the renal interstitium， reduced renal tubular epithelial cells due to shedding and apoptosis， and some vacuolar degeneration. Compared with the model group， benazepril hydrochloride and Qiling Tongluo prescription at the high dose remarkably lowered the serum SCr and UA （P<0.05） and increased ALB and TP （P<0.05）. Benazepril hydrochloride and Qiling Tongluo prescription at the low， medium， and high doses down-regulated the 24 h UTP， serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels， and renal TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein expression to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated IMN inflammatory reaction， glomerular swelling， and volume increase， slightly dilated glomerular capillaries， proliferated mesangial matrix， and relieved pathological and morphological damages in rat kidney， with inflammatory cell infiltration occasionally observed. ConclusionQiling Tongluo prescription may reduce the release and expression of inflammatory factors by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the inflammatory response in IMN rats， ameliorate proteinuria and kidney damage， and protect kidney function.

Long-term trend of colorectal cancer survival rate in Qidong, 1972-2016 / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: The survival of colorectal cancer in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province from 1972 to 2016 was analyzed to provide a basis for the evaluation of prognosis and the formulation of prevention and control measures. Methods: Colorectal cancer data were obtained from the Qidong Cancer Registration and Reporting System, and the follow-up was up to December 31, 2021. The observed survival rate (OSR) and relative survival rate (RSR) were calculated by SURV 3.01 software, and the trend test was performed by Hakulinen's likelihood ratio test. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of survival, and the ARIMA model was used to predict the trend of colorectal cancer survival. Results: There were 8 637 new cases of colorectal cancer in Qidong from 1972 to 2016. Dividing 1972-2016 into 9 periods at 5-year intervals, the 5-year OSR from 1972-1976 to 2012-2016 increased from 21.86% to 48.86%, and the 5-year RSR increased from 26.45% to 59.91%. The increasing trend of RSR was statistically significant (χ(2)=587.47, P<0.001). From 1972 to 2016, the survival rates of colorectal cancer in different sexes in Qidong were similar, and the 5-year RSR was 44.63% for men and 44.07% for women. Since the 1990s, the 5-year OSR and RSR for men have been lower than those for women. From 1972 to 2016, the 5-year RSR of colorectal cancer in Qidong was significantly improved in the 65-74 and ≥75-year-old groups, but the survival rate of the ≥75-year-old group was still the lowest (36.78%), followed by the 35-44-year-old group ( 43.04%). The time trend showed that the overall AAPC of colorectal cancer 5-year RSR in Qidong from 1972 to 2016 was 2.50% (t=16.45, P<0.001). The upward trend of different sexes was consistent, and the increase was greater in women (AAPC for males=2.18%, AAPC for females=2.54%, both P<0.05). The 5-year RSR of colorectal cancer in each age group showed an upward trend, and the AAPCs of the 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75-year-old groups were 1.54%, 1.83%, 2.00%, 3.51% and 4.35%, respectively (all P<0.05). The prediction results of colorectal cancer survival rate showed that the 5-year RSR of colorectal cancer in Qidong will increase to 71.62% by 2026. Conclusions: The overall survival rate of colorectal cancer patients in Qidong has been greatly improved, but there is still room for improvement. We should continue to pay attention to the early diagnosis and early treatment of colorectal cancer.

Long-term trend of gastric cancer survival rate in Qidong, 1972-2016 / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: The survival rate of gastric cancer cases in the whole population of Qidong City of Jiangsu Province from 1972 to 2016 was analyzed to provide a data basis for prevention and control of gastric cancer. Methods: The observed survival rate (OSR) was calculated by the life table method, the relative survival rate (RSR) was calculated by SURV 3.01 software, and the trend test was performed by Hakulinen's likelihood ratio test. Age-standardized relative survival rate (ARSR) was calculated using the International Cancer Survival Standard (ICSS). The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of survival rate, and the trend analysis of the overall survival rate of gastric cancer and the survival rates of different sexes and ages was conducted. The ARIMA model was used to predict the survival rate. Results: From 1972 to 2016, there were 18 067 new cases of gastric cancer in Qidong City. The OSRs at 1, 5, and 10 years were 37.12%, 17.16%, and 12.86%, respectively, and the RSRs at 1, 5, and 10 years were 38.83%, 21.73%, and 21.20%. Dividing 1972-2016 into 9 periods at 5-year intervals, compared with 1972-1976, the 5-year RSR in 2012-2016 increased from 12.53% to 36.26%, and the RSR in the 9 periods increased with statistical significance (χ(2)=747.19, P<0.001). Both OSR and RSR were slightly higher in men than in women, and decreased with age. The AAPC results showed that the AAPC of the 5-year RSR of gastric cancer in Qidong was 2.88%, 2.75% in males and 3.05% in females, and the upward trend was statistically significant (P<0.001). From 1972 to 2016, the 5-year RSR of gastric cancer in all age groups showed an upward trend. Except for the 35-44-year-old group (AAPC=1.07%, t=2.16, P=0.067), the age groups had statistical significance ( AAPC=2.59% in the 45-54-year-old group, AAPC=3.19% in the AAPCs of other 55-64-year-old group, AAPC=3.99% in the 65-74-year-old group, and AAPC=2.97% in the 75-year-old group, all P<0.05). The prediction results of the ARIMA model showed that in 2026, the 5-year OSR of gastric cancer in Qidong will increase to 39.82%, and the 5-year RSR will increase to 49.23%. Conclusion: The overall survival rate of registered gastric cancer cases in Qidong has been greatly improved, but there is still large room for improvement. More attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

Research progress of polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols natural products / 中国中药杂志

Due to their fascinating chemical structures and extensive pharmacological activities, polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols(PPAPs) have become one of the current research hotspots of natural products. In particular, some of the PPAPs not only have novel non-traditional skeleton types, but also contain more unknown possible activities, which are of great significance for the development of lead compounds. The structure, source, biosynthetic pathway and pharmacological activities of PPAPs with non-traditio-nal skeleton types isolated and identified in recent years are reviewed, in order to provide references for further research on such compounds.

Bipolarins A-H, eight new ophiobolin-type sesterterpenes with antimicrobial activity from fungus Bipolaris sp. TJ403-B1 / 中国天然药物

Bipolarins A-H (1-8), eight new tetracyclic ophiobolin-type sesterterpenes featuring a rare oxaspiro[4.4]nonane moiety, were isolated from cultures of fungus Bipolaris sp. TJ403-B1. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, electronic circular dichroism and C NMR calculations. Additionally, compound 5 exhibited significant selective antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis with an MIC value 8 μg·mL.

Impact of Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Connection or Systemic-to-Pulmonary Artery Shunt Surgery on Promoting the Development of Pulmonary Vasculature in Patients With Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect / 中国循环杂志

Objectives: To compare the effect between the right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection and the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt palliative surgery in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect. Methods: A total of 92 consecutive patients (mean age [1.69 ± 1.72] years, range 0.2-8.1 years) diagnosed with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect and pulmonary artery hypoplasia (Nakata index [87.51 ± 36.97] mm2/m2; McGoon ratio 0.97±0.28) from December 2009 to August 2012 in our hospital were included in this retrospective study. 45 patients underwent the procedure of right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection (RV-PA) and 47 underwent the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt surgery, some patients also received simultaneous transcatheter occlusion of major aortopulmonary collaterals and/or pulmonary angioplasty. The mechanical ventilation time and ICU monitoring time, the pulmonary vascular growth and the anatomical repair rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean follow up time was (2.01±1.02)years. Nakata index and McGoon ratio equally increased significantly post operation as compared to baseline level (P<0.001). Incidence of final anatomical repair was significantly higher in the RV-PA group than in the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt group (62.2% vs 31.9%,P<0.01). During the anatomical repair operation, the incidence of cyanosis improvement was significantly higher, while the operation time was significantly shorter in the RV-PA group than in the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt group(both P<0.05). Mechanical ventilation time and ICU monitoring time also tended to be shorter in the RV-PA group (P>0.05). Conclusions: The palliative right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection surgery is related to higher rate of final anatomical repair in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect and may help the patients recover after the anatomical repair.

Anti corruption during high-value consumables purchasing in medical institutions / 医疗卫生装备

Object To standardize hospital high-value consumables purchasing procedure to eliminate corruption.Methods The deficiencies of some tertiary Grade A hospital were analyzed in high-value consumables purchasing, and some suggestions based on foreign countries' achievements were proposed including completing high-value consumables purchasing procedure and making anti-corruption efforts in medical institutions.Results It's suggested that high-value consumables management system be completed, admission qualification management and purchasing procedure be standardized and supervision mechanism be established in the hospital.Conclusion Improved high-value consumables purchasing procedure contributes to anti corruption in medical institutions.

Research Overview of TCM on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia / 中国中医药信息杂志

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become an important pathogen of nosocomial pulmonary infection. In recent years, TCM is found to be effectivein the treatment of MRSA pneumonia, with confirmed efficacy. This article reviewed the research of TCM on MRSA pneumonia, providing references for clinical treatment of MRSA pneumonia and further study.

Scutellarin attenuates endothelium-dependent aasodilation impairment induced by hypoxia reoxygenation, through regulating the PKG signaling pathway in rat coronary artery / 中国天然药物

Scutellarin (SCU), a flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Our previous study has demonstrated that SCU relaxes mouse aortic arteries mainly in an endothelium-depend-ent manner. In the present study, we investigated the vasoprotective effects of SCU against HR-induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) in isolated rat CA and the possible mechanisms involving cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) dependent protein kinase (PKG). The isolated endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rat CA rings were treated with HR injury. Evaluation of endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation relaxation of the CA rings were performed using wire myography and the protein expressions were assayed by Western blotting. SCU (10-1 000 μmol·L(-1)) could relax the endothelium-intact CA rings but not endothelium-denuded ones. In the intact CA rings, the PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-cGMPS (PKGI-rp, 4 μmol·L(-1)), significantly blocked SCU (10-1 000 μmol·L(-1))-induced relaxation. The NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NO-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 100 μmol·L(-1)), did not significantly change the effects of SCU (10-1 000 μmol·L(-1)). HR treatment significantly impaired ACh-induced relaxation, which was reversed by pre-incubation with SCU (500 μmol·L(-1)), while HR treatment did not altered NTG-induced vasodilation. PKGI-rp (4 μmol·L(-1)) blocked the protective effects of SCU in HR-treated CA rings. Additionally, HR treatment reduced phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (p-VASP, phosphorylated product of PKG), which was reversed by SCU pre-incubation, suggesting that SCU activated PKG phosphorylation against HR injury. SCU induces CA vasodilation in an endothelium-dependent manner to and repairs HR-induced impairment via activation of PKG signaling pathway.

Long-term survival trends of gastric cancer patients between 1972 and 2011 in Qidong / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>There have been few reports on long-term survival of gastric cancer patients. This study analyzed the survival data of gastric cancer patients obtained from the population-based Qidong Cancer Registry between 1972 and 2011, providing a basis for evaluation of gastric cancer treatment and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cumulative observed survival rate and relative survival rate of gastric cancer patients were calculated using Hakulinen's method via the SURV3.01 software, which was developed by the Finnish Cancer Registry. The date of the last follow-up for the survival status of the 15,401 registered cases was April 30, 2012.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-year observed survival rates were 33.82%, 14.18%, 10.35%, 6.63%, and 4.19%, respectively, and the 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-year relative survival rates were 35.43%, 18.13%, 17.50%, 21.96%, and 32.84%, respectively. For males, the corresponding observed survival rates were 34.50%, 14.40%, 10.42%, 6.46%, and 4.05%, and the corresponding relative survival rates were 36.23%, 18.67%, 18.28%, 23.73%, and 38.61%. For females, the corresponding observed survival rates were 32.62%, 13.80%, 10.22%, 6.95%, and 4.46%, and the corresponding relative survival rates were 34.03%, 17.21%, 16.28%, 19.70%, and 26.78%. Significant differences in relative survival rates were observed between sexes (P = 0.003). For the 15-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and 75+ age groups, the 5-year relative survival rates were 16.13%, 21.77%, 18.63%, 12.61%, 7.99%, and 2.94%, respectively, and the 10-year relative survival rates were 16.49%, 22.83%, 20.50%, 15.97%, 15.88%, and 15.73%, respectively. Remarkable improvement could be observed for the 5-, 10-, and 15-year relative survival rates in Qidong beginning in the 1980s.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The survival outcome of registered gastric cancer cases in Qidong showed gradual progress over the past two decades.</p>

Relationship between temperature and the risks of mortality in China: a Meta-analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the effect of temperature on the risk of mortality and the modification effect of latitude,in China.Methods Relevant papers were searched and Meta-analysis was used to determine the exposure-response relationship for each health outcome which was associated with the exposure to temperature.Meta-regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect modification by latitude.Results Ten studies in 15 cities were included in the study.When temperature increased by one centigrade,the risks of mortality showed the following changes:deaths from non-accidental increased by 2％ (95％CI:1％,3％),from cardiovascular disease increased by 4％ (95％CI:2％,6％)and from the respiratory disease increased by 2％ (95％CI:1％,4％).As temperature decreased by one centigrade,the mortality risks of the following diseases showed the changes as:non-accidental death increased by 4％ (95％CI:2％,7％),cardiovascular disease increased by 4％ (95％CI:1％,7％) and the respiratory diseases increased by 2％ (95％CI:0％,4％).When latitude ranged from 0 to 25,26 to 30,31 to 39 degree or over 40 degrees,respectively and the temperature decreased by one centigrade,the mortality risks of the general population increased by 6.5％ (95％CI:-2.7％,15.6％),5.8％(95％ CI:2.4％,9.3％),0.8％(95％CI:0.4％,1.2％),0.5％(95％CI:-0.5％,1.5％).As temperature increased by one centigrade,mortality risk of the general population increased by 0.6％ (95％ CI:-0.3％,1.4％),1.9％ (95％ CI:0.7％,3.1％),2.0％ (95％ CI:1.0％,3.0％) and 5.8％ (95％CI:-3.2％,14.8％).As latitude increased by five degrees with high temperature,the mortality risk of general people increased by 0.3％ (95％CI:0.1％,0.8％) while decreased by 0.8％ (95％ CI:0.5％,0.9％) under low temperature.Conclusion In China,the mortality risk increased along with the changes of temperature.The adaptability to cold ness among people living in high latitude areas seemed to be stronger than those living in other areas of latitudes.Who were more vulnerable to high temperature.

Retrospective observation of dynamic levels of serum Golgi protein 73 in patients prior to the onset of liver cancer / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the dynamic levels of serum Golgi protein 73(GP73) in patients prior to and after the onset of liver cancer, and to explore the related factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2007 to 2012, a periodical screening program was carried out in a group of high risk population with positive Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) , twice a year. Their serum specimens from every screening time point were kept in Qidong Biobank until liver cancer was diagnosed. Thirty-nine patients with liver cancer were recruited for the study, each of them at least had three times of specimens collected as well as B ultrasound scan (BUS) exam results at onset of disease and within 30 months before diagnosed, amongst 6 time points. In total, there were 162 specimens collected to test GP73 by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses of time series and differences among groups were performed by stata software 10.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average value of 39 patient's GP73 at the time point of liver cancer onset was (126.77 ± 73.73) µg/L, while the values at the other five time points prior to the onset were (128.32 ± 81.18) , (129.97 ± 83.62) , (127.38 ± 80.10) , (135.52 ± 97.88) and (138.24 ± 93.58) µg/L, respectively, with no significant difference (F = 0.07, P = 0.997). No obvious changing trends of GP73 were observed among the 39 liver cancer cases at the 6 time points. All 162 samples were divided into two groups: without hepatic cirrhosis (63 samples) and with cirrhosis (99 samples) according to findings of B-ultrasonic wave; whose average GP73 values were separately (97.16 ± 51.39) and (151.20 ± 91.68) µg/L. The difference showed statistical significance (F = 18.22, P < 0.01). Furthermore, if we grouped the samples by the average value of GP73 at 130.19 µg/L, then there were only 1/14 of the subjects without hepatic cirrhosis having higher GP73 values, but 12 of the 25 subjects with hepatic cirrhosis having higher GP73 values. The difference showed statistical significance (P = 0.013). The results of Linear regression model also showed that there was no correlation between GP73 and time series (t = 0.75, P = 0.455), but significant correlation between GP73 and hepatic cirrhosis (t = 4.30, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>No significant changes of the dynamic levels of GP73 could be found among the liver cancer patients within 30 months prior to the onset of disease. GP73 values of the patients with liver cancer may depend on their background of hepatic diseases; and hepatic cirrhosis might be one of the main influencing factors or confounding factors.</p>

Time-series analysis on the malaria morbidity affected by meteorological factors in Guangdong province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the associations between malaria risk and meteorological factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A negative binomial distribution regression analysis was built between the temperature, relative humidity, rainfall capacity and the monthly incidence of malaria, based on the temperature information provided by Guangdong Meteorological Department and the malaria incidence information provided by Guangdong Center of Disease Prevention and Control during year 1980 to 2004, adopting the time-series analysis method and by distributed lag non-linear model, in order to analyze the immediate factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of monthly malaria cases in Guangdong province reached 4010 between year 1984 and 2004, while the monthly maximal temperature, minimal temperature, average temperature, relative humidity and average rainfall capacity was separately 26.3°C, 18.8°C, 21.9°C, 88.0% and 5.6 mm. The immediate effect of monthly maximal temperature on malaria incidence showed non-linear relationships. When the temperature reached 32.3°C, the risk was highest, the relative risk (RR) was 2.51 (95%CI: 1.99 - 3.16); when the relative humidity was 60.0%, the relative risk of malaria was highest as 1.19 (95%CI: 0.66 - 2.11) and then decreased gradually; and when the relative humidity was 86.6%, the risk of malaria was lowest at 0.51 (95%CI: 0.34 - 0.76). The risk of malaria increased while the rainfall capacity was 14.5 mm, the risk of malaria was the highest at 1.29 (95%CI: 0.87 - 1.93). Strongest delayed effects on malaria incidence was observed when the monthly maximal temperature reached 31.5°C at lagged 2 months, with the value of RR at 1.81 (95%CI: 1.02 - 3.22). When the monthly rainfall capacity was over 15.2 mm, the delayed effects was strong but short. When the monthly maximal temperature of 33.7°C, the excess risk of malaria was comparatively high, the excess risk was 92.2% (95%CI: 30.5% - 183.2%) when lagging one month. When the relative humidity was low, the delayed effect of malaria lasted for a long time, and the cumulative effect was huge. When the relative humidity reached 87.0%, the excess risk lagging 3 months was only -66.6% (95%CI: -86.4% - -17.7%). When the rainfall capacity was 15.5 mm, the cumulative effect on malaria reached the peak after 3 months, while the excess risk was 40.7% (95%CI: -30.0% - -182.6%); afterwards the cumulative effect gradually weakened. Positive and negative interaction effects were significant between malaria risk and maximal temperature and monthly rainfall capacity, and monthly rainfall capacity and relative humidity at lagged 2 months, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High temperature and large rainfall capacity might be the risk factors of malaria in Guangdong province, and there was an obvious interaction between the two factors.</p>

The assessment of vulnerability to floods in Guangdong province at district level / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the vulnerability to floods in Guangdong province at district level.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data were collected from the sixth census, the 2010 Statistical Yearbook of Guangdong, the 2010 Health Statistics Yearbook of Guangdong and China Disease Prevention and Control information systems, etc. The weight of each indicator was determined based on subjective method and objective method respectively; and finally the results of the two methods were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>13 indicators were selected for the assessment of vulnerability to floods, including 6 sensitivity indicators, 5 adaptability indicators and 2 exposure indicators. Indicators with large weight (subjective weight/objective weight) were the proportion of population older than 65 years old (0.31/0.30), the proportion of population older than 65 years old (0.16/0.23), infant mortality rate (0.18/0.20), the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (0.33/0.21), the proportion of illiterate in the population older than 15 years old (0.19/0.28), history frequency of floods (0.75/0.75). The mean vulnerability index (VI) calculated by subjective method was 0.35 with the standard deviation of 0.10; the mean vulnerability index calculated by objective method was 0.31 with the standard deviation of 0.08. The two weighting methods showed consistent results of vulnerability index (ICC = 0.975, P < 0.01). VI of most districts dropped in the interval of 0.30 - 0.39. Districts with subjective VI > 0.50 or objective VI > 0.40 should pay more attention to floods, including parts of the coastal areas, Beijiang River Basin, the eastern tributary area of Dongjiang River and the northern part of Pearl River Delta. Dapu district of Meizhou (0.55/0.45), Dianbai district and Maogang district of Maoming (0.54/0.48) were most vulnerable. Districts of Heyuan, Dongguan, Zhaoqing and Huizhou were less vulnerable, Yuancheng district of Heyuan showed least vulnerable to floods (0.15/0.12) followed by Dongguan (0.18/0.16), Duanzhou district (0.18/0.16) and Guangning (0.17/0.15) district of Zhaoqing. The score of indicators differed among different level of vulnerability (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different regions of Guangdong province showed different vulnerability to floods, vulnerable areas should be priority in the prevention and control of floods.</p>

Survey on the recessive infection of pathogen to hand-foot-mouth disease among healthy adults and children in Guangdong province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the pathogen-carrying status of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) among healthy people in Guangdong province.Methods Stool specimens were collected randomly on 7 age groups from 7 cities in Guangdong province.Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect enterovirus (EV),enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackie virus A16 (CA16).Results Altogether,1285 stool specimens were collected.The positive rates of EV71,CA16 and other enterovirus were 0.39％ (5/1285),0.23％ (3/1285) and 7.00％ (90/1285),respectively.The highest EV71 positive rate (1.79％) was among the 4-6-year-old group,followed by the age group 0-3 with positive rate as 0.67％.EV71 was not found among the rest age groups.The highest CA16 positive rate (1.35％) was among the 4-6 year-olds group,but the CA16 was not found among the rest age groups.EV71 was only found among native population,with the positive-rate as 0.47％.CA16-positive rate was 0.19％ among the native population and 0.85％ among floating population,with no significant difference found (P＞0.05).The EV71 positive rate was 0.36％ among rural residents and 0.54％ among urban residents,but with no significant difference (P＞0.05).All CA16 was found among the urban residents.Conclusion Recessive infection of EV71 and CA16 were only found among 0-6 year-old group but not found among other groups,which suggested that the approaches on prevention and control should be targeted to all children especially on pre-school children.

Trends in the mortality of liver cancer in Qidong, China: an analysis of fifty years / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe and analyze the charecteristics and trends of liver cancer mortality during the past fifty years in Qidong, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective mortality survey was conducted to get the data on liver cancer death in the period of 1958-1971, and the data from 1972 to 2007 were obtained from the records of cancer registration in Qidong. The crude mortality rate (CR) of liver cancer, and age-standardized rate by Chinese population (CASR) and by world population (WASR) were calculated and analyzed. The total percent changes (PC) and annual percent changes (APC) were used for evaluating the increasing trends of the mortality. The sex-specific rate, age-specific rate, truncated rate of the age group 35 - 64, cumulative rate of the age group 0-74, cumulative risk, period-rate, and the rate for age-birth cohort were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The natural death rate in Qidong residents for the past five-decade period experienced a wave interval of 8.62‰ in 1958 down to 5.37‰ in 1979, and up to 7.75‰ in 2007. The mortality rate for all-site cancers was increased from 56.69 per 100, 000 to 234.97 per 100, 000. The mortality rate of liver cancer, being 20.45 per 100, 100 in 1958 was increased to 49.04 per 100, 000 in 1972, and up to 69.29 per 100, 000 in 2007. According to the registration data of 1972 - 2007, the death from liver cancer was accounted for 34.88% of all deaths due to cancers, with a CR of 58.86 per 100, 000, CASR of 38.36 per 100, 000, and WASR, 49.37 Per 100, 000 in Qidong. The truncated rate for the age group 35 - 64 was 117.08 per 100, 000, and the cumulative rate for the age group 0-74 and the cumulative risk were 5.15% and 5.02%, respectively. The CRs for males was 90.52 per 100, 000 and for females was 27.93 per 100, 000, with a sex ratio of 3.24:1. For the period of 1972 - 2007, the PC for CR was 49.71%, and APC was +1.41%, showing an increasing variation tendency. The APCs for CASR and WASR, however, were decreasing, with a percentage of -1.11%, and -0.84%, respectively. The age-specific mortality rates by period showed a decreasing trend for those under age of 44. Moreover, age-birth cohort analysis showed a more rapid lowering mortality in the age groups 35-, 30-, 25-, and 15-, that is, those born after 1950's.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Liver cancer remains the leading death cause due to cancers in Qidong, with a continuing higher crude mortality rate. Yet the age-standardized mortality rate has presented a declining posture. The liver cancer mortality in young people in Qidong demonstrates a continuously falling trend. The campaign for the control of liver cancer in Qidong has achieved initial success.</p>

Survey of the serum hepatocellular carcinoma marker Golgi glycoprotein (GP73) among Qidong residents and correlation analysis to outcome at two-year follow-up / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey the levels of Golgi glycoprotein (GP73), a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) marker, in residents of Qidong and determine the correlation of detected GP73 concentration ranges with outcome at two-year follow-up.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 12,378 individuals (age range: 35-69 years old) from Qidong were enrolled in the study. All participants were tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) by detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum. One-tenth of the participants were assigned to a stratified-random sample group (those with identification numbers ending with "0") to represent a "subgroup of the natural population" (HBsAgPop, n = 1227). All HBsAg carriers were stratified as a "subgroup of positivity" (HBsAgPve, n = 1025). One-tenth of all HBsAg-negative individuals were assigned to a stratified-random sample group to represent a "subgroup of negativity" (HBsAgNve, n = 1132). Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure the serum GP73 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels; the distribution, medians (50th percentile), and 95th percentiles of GP73 were determined for the three subgroups. A two-year follow-up was carried out to observe the differential incidence of HCC between the HBsAgPve and HBsAgNve subgroups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A positively skewed distribution of the GP73 values was observed for all three subgroups. The medians for HBsAgPve, HBsAgNve, and HBsAgPop were 67 mug/L, 54 mug/L, and 55 mug/L; the 95th percentiles were 174 mug/L, 108 mug/L, and 114 mug/L, respectively. The AFP positivity rates were 7.23% (37/512) for carriers whose GP73 values were above the median level and 0.78% (4/513) for carriers with GP73 values below the median level, with a highly significant difference between the two (P less than 0.01). A the two-year follow-up, 23 (4.49%) of the 512 carriers with GP73 more than or equal to 67 mug/L had developed HCC, while only one patient (0.19%) of the 513 carriers with GP73 less than 67 mug/L developed HCC, which yielded a relative risk value of 23.6. In the non-carriers, no HCC cases had occurred, regardless of serum GP73 level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum GP73 has a higher potential as a diagnostic/prognostic marker of HCC in individuals with HBsAg positivity. In follow-up of HBsAg carriers, GP73 may help in the early detection of liver cancer.</p>